Lipid vesicles penetrate into intact skin owing to the
transdermal osmotic gradients and hydration force
Cevc, G. and Blume, G. Medizinische Biophysik -- Forschungslaboratorien,
Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München,
Klinikum r.d.I., Ismaningerstr. 22, W-8000 München 8, E.C.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1104: 226-232 (1992).
Gradients across the outer skin layers may result in fields
enforcing a lipid flow into or through the intact skin surface provided
that lipids are applied in the form of special vesicles. Osmotic gradient,
for example, which is created by the difference in the total water concentrations
between the skin surface and the skin interior, provides one possible
source of such driving force. It is sufficiently strong to push at least
0.5 mg of lipids per hour and cm2 through the skin permeability
barrier in the region of stratum corneum. Lipid concentration gradient,
on the contrary, does not contribute much to the lipid penetration into
dermis. Occlusion, therefore, is detrimental for the vesicle penetration
into intact skin.
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