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<p align="left"><b>Transdermal Immunisation With an Integral Membrane Component, Gap Junction Protein, by Means of Ultradeformable Drug Carriers, Transfersomes </b> </p> <p align="left">A. Paul*+, G. Cevc* and B. K. Bachhawat+</p> <p align="left">*Medizinische Biophysik, Technische Universität München Klinikum r.d.I., Ismaningerstr. 22 D-81675 München (Germany), E.U. <br> +Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi (South Campus) Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India </p> <p align="left"><b>Vaccine 16: 188-195 (1998).</b></p> <p align="left">Molecules greater than 500 Da normally do not cross the skin. This prevents epicutaneous delivery of the high molecular weight therapeutics as well as non-invasive transcutaneous immunisation. Extremely deformable vesicles prepared by the judicious combination of several materials provide a solution to this problem: the resulting agent carriers, transfersomes, are the only tested colloidal system that can transport even large macromolecules spontaneously through the skin in immunologically active form. Gap junction proteins (GJP) incorporated into transfersomes and applied on the intact skin surface thus give rise to the specific antibody titres marginally higher than those elicited by the subcutaneous injections of GJP in transfersomes, mixed lipid micelles or liposomes. The latter two carrier systems give no significant biological response after epicutaneous administration. Transcutaneous protein delivery by means of transfersomes also appears to increase the relative concentration of anti-GJP IgA in the serum.</p> <p><a href="index.html"><----</a> | <a href="../.././index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('What is special about IDEA?'); return true;">Home</a> | <a href="../../about-us/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('About IDEA history, people, external collaboratory and future plans.'); return true;">About us</a> | <a href="../../corporate_factsheet/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Corporate Factsheet'); return true;">Corporate Factsheet</a> | <a href="../../science/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Academic collaborations, publications, etc.'); return true;">Science</a> | Publications | <a href="../../product_opportunities/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('IDEA offers better compliance, local drug targeting and patent protection.'); return true;">Product opportunities</a> | <a href="../../financial/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Investors and basic financial data.'); return true;">Finance</a> | <a href="../../press_releases/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Original texts.'); return true;">Press releases</a> | <a href="../../latest_newsletter/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('IDEAS latest newsletter'); return true;">Latest newsletter</a> | <a href="../../press_clippings/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('IDEA in the press.'); return true;">Press clippings</a> | <a href="../../conferences/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Here you will find many dates where you can meet us and where we can talk...'); return true;">Conferences</a> | <a href="../../career/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('We constantly seek best talents and dedication, offering much in return.'); return true;">Career</a> | <a href="../../contact/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('We would like to hear from you!'); return true;">Contact</a> | <a href="../../faq/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Product bio/acceptability, liposome/Transfersome, ...'); return true;">Scientific FAQ</a> | <a href="../../glossary/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext(''); return true;">Glossary</a> | <a href="../../sitemap/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Get an impression on IDEA!'); return true;">Site Map</a> | <a href="../../search/index.html" target="_top" onmouseover="putstattext('Find documents based on keywords!'); return true;">Search</a> |  </p>